Provided below for your convenience are information sheets about the various things we test for. The documents are in PDF format, so you will need a program such as Adobe Reader that is capable of reading PDF files. Click here to get Adobe Reader.

Posters

Botanicals

Determination of Aflatoxins in various botanicals by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection Click here to download.

Extraction Presentation

Efficiency of various solvents in the extraction of Aflatoxin from naturally contaminated Cottonseed Meal, Corn Gluten Meal, Corn Gluten Feed, and Dried Distillers Grain Click here to download.

Ochratoxin Extraction

Efficiency of various solvents in the extraction of Ochratoxin A from naturally contaminated wheat and corn Click here to download.

Single Kernel

Determination of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in single kernels from a highly contaminated corn sample Click here to download.

Spice Presentation

Determination of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in various spices by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection Click here to download.

Reference

Aflatoxin

A group of toxins (aflatoxins) consisting primarily of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1. They are named for their respective innate fluorescent properties. Click here to download.

Citrinin

A yellow compound that is a phenol derivative. It is a lemon-yellow color when found on thin layer chromatograms viewed under visible light. The crystalline pure citrinin is also yellow. Click here to download.

Cyclopiazonic Acid

A toxic compound (an indole tetramic acid) produced by several fungi. They are not fluorescent and must be visualized on thin layer chromatograms by spray reagents. Click here to download.

Deoxynivalenol

Also known as vomitoxin or DON. May co-exist with other toxins produced by the same organism that produces this toxin. Zearalenone may be a co-existing toxin. Click here to download.

Ergot Alkaloids

A large group of compounds produced by fungi that attack a wide variety of grass species, including small grains, during the growth season. These compounds are chemically divided into the clavine alkaloids, lysergic acids, simple lysergic acid amides, and peptide alkaloids. Two common alkaloids examined for ergot are ergotamine and ergovaline. Click here to download.

Fumonisin

A group of toxins (Fumonisins), primarily, FB1, FB2, FB3. They are not fluorescent. Their discovery was fairly recent—1988. Click here to download.

Gliotoxin

An unusual, highly immunosuppressive mycotoxin that belongs to a class of fungal metabolites called epipolythiodioxopiperazines. They are characterized by a disulfide group that connects across the top of the molecule. Gliotoxin was originally described because of its antifungal and other antibiotic properties. Click here to download.

Moniliformin

An unusual chemical produced by several species of Fusarium, which is quite lethal to chickens. It is a plant growth regulator and is phytotoxic as well. Click here to download.

Mycotoxin CAST Report

A full 217-page report covering Mycotoxins in detail.
(Note: this is a large file - 1.3MB) Click here to download.

Ochratoxin

A mycotoxin often referred to as ochratoxin A. It is an innately fluorescent compound and detection during analysis is usually based on this property. Click here to download.

Oosporein

A mycotoxin belonging to a class of pigment compounds known as quinones and is produced by several genera of fungi that occur on cereal grains and other substrates. The natural occurrence of oosporein has not been sufficiently studied. When isolated in fairly pure form using thin layer chromatographic conditions and viewed under visible light the compound is red on the silica gel plate. Pure crystalline material is red also. Click here to download.

Stachybotrys Toxins

Toxins produced by a fungus known as Stachybotrys chartarum (syn. S. atra or alternans). The most notable of these toxins are called satratoxins and occur in conidia of the producing fungus. Click here to download.

T-2 Toxin

This mycotoxin is a member of the fungal metabolites known as the trichothecences. The trichothecenes are divided into two groups: macrocyclic and non-macrocyclic. T-2 is in the non-macrocyclic group, this group is also subdivided into the Type A and Type B trichothecenes. The Type A trichothecenes include T-2, HT-2, and DAS as mycotoxin components. Click here to download.

Tremorgens

Any one of a large group of mycotoxins capable of producing tremors in naturally intoxicated or experimentally dosed animals. They include: paspalitrems, paxilline, aflatrems, lolitrems, paspalinine, penitrems, verruculogen, fumitremorgens, territrems, and janthitrems. Most notable are the penitrems (particularly penitrem A), paspalinine, and paspalitrems which have been involved in or closely implicated in natural intoxications. While others have been found in feed causing disease, a cause and effect relationship has not been fully established. Click here to download.

Zearalenone

A phenolic resorcyclic acid that is primarily an estrogenic fungal metabolite. It is observed on thin layer chromatographic plates under short wavelength ultraviolet light as a greenish fluorescent compound. This compound may be produced in concert with deoxynivalenol by certain isolates of the fungus. Click here to download.